Chapter 2


Commonalities of early cavitation’s have been determined to fall under the common patterns of: standardized weights, measures, architectural styles, agricultural for the economic foundation and a written language; though many remained deciphered to this day. Many features of early cavitation’s included: ceremonial bathing, ritual burning, yoga positions, bulls and elephants as religious symbols, and the styles of jewelry and clothing. These features can help a researching scholar determine what civilization a particular artifact belongs to, as well as to help determine the social standing of an individual, their cultural preferences, and the impact their environment has on them. As early civilizations began to settle their vast differences in their wealth, status, and power became evident. The greater wealth was not spread across the populous, it was instead piled up, and contributed to the erosion of equality. The upper class, or wealthy class, had many advantages of the lower class. Because of their access to money, the upper class rarely did their own work, and relied heavily on the lower class to complete their work for them. They also occupied all the top positions and were immune from discipline, meaning, if they were struck by a commoner the commoner would have to pay a fee and in many cases, they were even punished with 60 strokes with an oxtail whip in public. Free commoners occupied the middle class, and while they didn’t have as many advantages as the upper class, many were able to rent small portions of land and they would occupy lower level official and military positions. The required labor, rents, taxes, and tribute payments of the commoners heavily supported the upper class. At the lowest level were the slaves. The slaves were stripped of all their rights, and sometimes even ripped apart from their families to fulfill their duties. In early cavitation’s, slavery was used for agricultural purposes, and they weren’t as harsh on them as later civilizations would grow to be. They also weren’t associated with blackness in early civilizations, any lower-class citizen of any color could be a slave. Just as there was a hierarchy for class standing, there was also a hierarchy for gender, leaving men with all the power, land, and money. In essence, men had it all and could do it all, and women could do what they were told.

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